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Environmental factors
Medium Characteristics
Non-corrosive or weakly corrosive media: if the medium is ordinary air, fresh water, dry non-corrosive gases, general organic solutions, etc., its corrosivity is weak, 304 flange with good corrosion resistance can meet the requirements. For example, in the ordinary building water supply and drainage system, the corrosiveness of water is not strong, 304 flange can work stably for a long time; in some ventilation and air-conditioning system, the air transported is usually no special corrosive, 304 flange is a suitable choice.
Strong corrosive media: when the medium is seawater, salt water, strong acidic or alkaline solutions, solutions containing high concentrations of chloride or fluoride ions and other highly corrosive substances, 316 flange is a better choice. For example, in marine culture, desalination plants and other marine-related projects, the high salinity and strong corrosiveness of seawater will cause serious erosion of pipeline connecting parts, and 316 flanges can effectively resist the corrosion of seawater; in electroplating factories, battery production workshops, etc., the production process will be used in strong acidic and alkaline solutions, and 316 flanges ensure the safe and stable operation of pipeline systems.
Temperature conditions
Low-temperature environment: In the low-temperature environment from - 268℃ to room temperature, 304 flanges and 316 flanges can maintain good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, if the cost is sensitive, 304 flange can be prioritized due to its lower price. For example, in some common cold storage refrigeration piping system, 304 flange is enough to meet the requirements.
High-temperature environment: when the temperature is below 800℃, 304 flange can maintain a certain degree of strength and corrosion resistance, and can meet the needs of the general high-temperature environment, such as ordinary industrial heating furnace pipeline connection. When the temperature exceeds 800 ℃, 316 flange's high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance performance is better, more suitable for use in such a high temperature environment, such as oil cracking furnace, high temperature sintering furnace and other equipment pipeline connection, 316 flange can better ensure the stability of the system.

Fields of application
Construction industry
Architectural decoration: in the appearance of the building decoration, railing handrails and other parts of the pipeline connection, the corrosion resistance requirements are not very high, 304 flange low cost, beautiful appearance, is a common choice.
Water Supply and Drainage System: The water quality of water supply and drainage pipes in buildings is generally not strongly corrosive, and 304 flanges can meet the needs of long-term use.
HVAC system: air-conditioning chilled water, cooling water piping and ventilation pipe connections, usually 304 flanges can do the job.
Chemical industry
General chemical processes: for chemical reactions and storage processes involving low concentrations of acids and alkalis, 304 flanges can meet the basic corrosion resistance requirements, such as the production of some simple inorganic salts and ordinary organic synthesis reactions.
Strongly corrosive chemical processes: in the production of strong acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and caustic soda and other strong alkali production process, or in the chemical medium containing a large number of chlorine ions, 316 flanges are necessary to ensure the safe operation of piping systems.
Food and Pharmaceutical Industry
General food processing: in ordinary food processing, such as bread baking, beverage filling, etc., the hygienic performance and corrosion resistance of 304 flanges can basically meet the requirements.
High requirements of food and pharmaceutical fields: in the production of high-purity drugs, sterile preparations, biological products, as well as some of the very high hygiene requirements of food processing, such as baby food, high-end dairy products, etc. production process, 316 flange can better avoid reacting with the product to ensure product quality and safety.
Marine Engineering
Shipbuilding: seawater cooling system and ballast water system of ships, seawater will be in direct contact with pipes and flanges, and 316 flanges are the key guarantee to prevent corrosion.
Offshore platforms: various piping systems of offshore drilling platforms, including oil and gas transportation, seawater treatment, etc., are located in high-salt, humid marine environments, and 316 flanges are the preferred choice to ensure long-term stable operation of piping systems.

Cost factors
Limited budget: If the project budget is tight, and the use of the environment of the flange corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and other performance requirements are not high, 304 flange cost-effective advantage is obvious. For example, some small civil construction projects, ordinary industrial plant renovation, etc., the use of 304 flange can meet the basic functions at the same time, effectively control the cost.
Focus on long-term benefits: If the equipment or project on the flange performance requirements of high, long service life, from a long-term perspective, 316 flange, although the procurement cost is high, but can reduce the cost of maintenance and replacement, more cost-effective. For example, in large-scale chemical enterprises, offshore oil development projects, etc., once the pipeline system has problems, the cost of repair and replacement is extremely high, the use of 316 flange can reduce the long-term comprehensive cost.
Mechanical Performance Requirements
General pressure and load: for bearing general pressure and tension, the strength and hardness requirements are not particularly high occasions, the strength and toughness of the 304 flange is sufficient to meet the use requirements. Such as urban water supply and drainage pipelines, ordinary gas transmission pipelines, etc., the working pressure is relatively low, 304 flange can reliably connect the pipeline to ensure the normal operation of the system.
High pressure and high load: in high pressure, high stress, high impact or high wear conditions, such as high-pressure chemical pipelines, high-pressure mud pipelines of oil drilling equipment, high-strength mechanical connections, etc., the higher strength and hardness of 316 flanges enable them to better withstand the pressure and stress changes, and are less susceptible to fatigue cracks and damages, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system.