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Copper-nickel flanges
General working temperature range: Normally, the long-term stable working temperature range of copper-nickel flanges is from - 20℃ to about 400℃. This is determined after comprehensively considering its performance in different environments and safety factors. In this temperature range, copper-nickel alloys can maintain good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, ensuring that the flanges play a stable role in pipeline connection.
High temperature limit: The maximum temperature at which copper-nickel alloys can work continuously in air usually reaches about 600℃. At such a high temperature, copper-nickel alloy can still maintain a certain degree of strength and oxidation resistance, but prolonged exposure to environments close to this temperature may lead to a gradual decline in the material's performance, such as a reduction in strength and weakening of corrosion resistance. In addition, the corrosion rate of copper-nickel alloys changes when the temperature reaches a certain level in a high-temperature steam environment. For example, in some specific conditions of high temperature steam, its corrosion rate is less than 0.026mm/a, indicating that it is still able to maintain good corrosion resistance in such a high temperature steam environment, but this is also realized in a certain temperature range, generally not recommended for long-term use in high temperature steam environment close to 600 ℃.
Low Temperature Performance: Copper-nickel flanges also perform well in low temperature environments. When the temperature is as low as - 20℃, it can still maintain good toughness and anti-fatigue properties, and will not be brittle and cracked due to low temperature, which ensures normal use in cold areas or low temperature process environments. However, if the temperature is further reduced, it may have some effect on its performance, so its low temperature working limit is generally set at about - 20℃.
Stainless Steel Flanges
304 Stainless Steel Flanges
Applicable temperature range: the general applicable temperature range is from - 196℃ to 800℃. In the low temperature environment, such as - 196℃, 304 stainless steel still has good toughness and strength, can withstand the stress changes brought by the low temperature, and is commonly used in some low temperature storage or transportation fields, such as the pipeline connection of liquid nitrogen storage tanks and so on. In high temperature, when the temperature is below 800℃, 304 stainless steel can maintain good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, applicable to general high temperature environment, such as some industrial furnace piping connections, heat exchangers and other equipment in the piping connections.
Performance changes: When the temperature is close to 800℃, the performance of 304 stainless steel will have some changes. For example, its hardness may be reduced, and its corrosion resistance may be affected to some extent, especially in the presence of oxidizing medium. Therefore, when designing and using 304 stainless steel flanges, it is necessary to consider carefully for the environment of high temperature close to 800℃ for a long time and take corresponding protective measures, such as choosing suitable surface treatment methods or adding protective coatings.
321 Stainless Steel Flanges
Applicable temperature advantage: 321 stainless steel flange can effectively prevent intergranular corrosion at high temperature due to the titanium element, so it is suitable for higher temperature working environment than 304 stainless steel. Generally speaking, it can be used in environments where the temperature exceeds 800℃.
Typical applications: 321 stainless steel flanges are often used in high-temperature piping systems in some high-temperature furnaces and kilns, aerospace and other fields. For example, in the high-temperature exhaust piping connections of aviation engines, 321 stainless steel flanges can maintain stable performance under high temperature, high pressure and complex airflow environment, ensuring the reliability and sealing of piping connections.